The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is one of a number of United States bank regulatory agencies that supervise financial institutions depending on their type of banking charter. The FDIC regulates state-chartered banks that do not belong to the Federal Reserve System.
The FDIC is an independent U.S. federal agency established in 1933 that guarantees (within limits) funds on deposit in member banks and thrift institutions and performs other functions, such as making loans to or buying assets from member institutions to facilitate mergers and prevent failures.